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1 November 2010 | By Attila A. Seyhan.Translational Immunology, Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer
Robust and validated biomarkers are needed to improve diagnosis, monitor drug activity and therapeutic response and guide the development of safer and targeted therapies for various chronic diseases. While different types of biomarkers have been impactful in the field of drug discovery and development, the process of identifying and validating…
1 November 2010 | By Andreas Vogt, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and the University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh
Cell motility plays an important role in many human diseases and normal cellular processes. Cell migration is critical for wound healing as cells of the inflammatory system and fibroblasts populate the wound and initiate re-epithelialisation1. On the other hand, unregulated cell migration contributes to cancer cell invasion and metastasis2. Agents…
29 October 2010 | By Roderick Beijersbergen, Group Leader Molecular Carcinogenesis, the Netherlands Cancer Institute
Improved understanding of the molecular alterations in cancer cells has fuelled the development of more specific and directed cancer therapies. However, it has become clear that response rates can be low due to confounding genetic alterations that render these highly specific therapies ineffective. As a result, the costs of cancer…
29 October 2010 | By Jason Borawski and L. Alex Gaither, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research
In the past decade, the pharmaceutical industry has exploited the naturally occurring cellular RNAi pathway to enhance drug discovery research. The RNAi pathway, triggered by dsRNA, selectively, although not always specifically, degrades mRNA leading to substantial decreases in post-transcriptional gene expression1. Researchers have capitalised on this intrinsic pathway by synthesising…
29 October 2010 | By Klara Valko, Analytical Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre
A major concern for the pharmaceutical industry is the high attrition rate (>90 per cent) of potential drug molecules failing during late stages of the drug discovery process. This may be due to lack of efficacy in the clinic, unexpected side effects or unfavourable pharmacokinetics. There is a need for…
29 October 2010 | By Bhupinder Bhullar, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research
It has been 10 years since the completion of the first draft of the human genome. Today, we are in the midst of a full assault on the human genetic code, racing to uncover the genetic mechanisms that affect disease, aging, happiness, violence ... and just about every imaginable human…
29 October 2010 | By Brian Flatley Dept of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading and Harold Hopkins Dept of Urology, Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Reading and Peter Malone Harold Hopkins Dept of Urology, Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Reading and Rainer Cramer Dept of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading
Each year, approximately 10,000 men in the UK die as a result of prostate cancer (PCa) making it the third most common cancer behind lung and breast cancer. Worldwide, more than 670,000 men are diagnosed every year with the disease. Current methods of diagnosis of PCa mainly rely on the…
19 August 2010 | By Susanne Hibler and Dr. Henning Gieseler, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Division ofPharmaceutics, Freeze Drying Focus Group
Pharmaceutical freeze-drying is used to stabilise delicate drugs which are typically unstable in solution over a longer shelf life. The liquid formulation is converted into a solid, highly porous cake which can be easily reconstituted prior to administration. The majority of freeze-dried products in the pharmaceutical industry are used for…
19 August 2010 | By Michael J. Miller, President, Microbiology Consultants, LLC
This is the fourth in a series of articles on rapid microbiological methods that will appear in European Pharmaceutical Review during 2010. Believe it or not, today’s regulatory authorities encourage the use of rapid microbiological methods (RMMs), and when applicable, they have put policies in place that provide guidance on…
19 August 2010 | By Andrew Riches, Professor of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews and Co-authors: C. Simon Herrington, School of Medicine Kishan Dholakia, Elisabetta Canetta, Antonia Carruthers, Michael Mazilu, Anna Chiara de Luca, School of Physics & Astronomy Chris Goodman, Greg Kata, Nabi Ghulam, Kadi Nourdin, Department of Urology, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee
Raman spectroscopy has the potential to provide diagnostic information to the clinician. The technique has a number of advantages allowing individual cells to be interrogated without staining. With further developments in technology, the surgeon will be able to rapidly acquire accurate diagnostic information at the time of operation using fibre…
19 August 2010 | By Professor Alastair J. Florence, Solid-State Research Group, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde
The majority of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are produced by crystallisation and so the phenomenon of polymorphism, whereby an organic molecule can adopt more than one crystalline form (Figure 1), is of considerable importance when trying to achieve consistent product quality during the manufacture of pharmaceutical solids and solid dosage…
19 August 2010 | By Karol Kozak, Angela Bauch, Gabor Csucs,Tomasz Pylak & Bernd Rinn, ETH Zurich
As High Content Screening (HCS) has moved into the mainstream for biological and pharmaceutical investigations, a lag of well integrated pipelines for automated acquisition, management and analysis of HCS results turns out to be a bottleneck for fully leveraging the wealth of information contained in a screen and moving to…
19 August 2010 | By Gül Erdemli & Dmitri Mikhailov, Center for Proteomic Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Sciences and Albert M Kim, Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Sciences
The preclinical assessment of a small molecule’s liability for QT interval prolongation is an essential part of the drug discovery process. Patch clamp assays for heterologously expressed recombinant cardiac ion channels are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry to evaluate potential drug-channel interactions. These assays are generally acute assessments and…
19 August 2010 | By Uwe Kirschner, General Manager, Sentronic GmbH, Rick E. Cooley, Market Development Manager - Process Analytics, Dionex Corporation, Rebecca Vangenechten, Business Development, Siemens Headquarters Pharma and Kjell François, Project Leader in PAT
Process Analytical Technology (PAT) is a system for designing, analysing and controlling pharmaceutical manufacturing processes through measurements of critical quality and performance attributes of raw and processed materials to ensure final product quality, the idea of which is to become more efficient while reducing over-processing, enhancing efficiency and minimising waste.…
19 August 2010 | By Brian Lockwood, Director of PIAT, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester
Toxicology is the study of the harmful interactions between chemicals and biological systems. Man, as well as other animals and plants, is increasingly exposed to a huge variety of chemicals. These range from metals to large complex organic molecules, all of which are potentially toxic. A toxicologist must understand pathology,…
